This introductory text on the design and analysis of sample surveys emphasizes the practical aspects of survey problems. It begins with brief chapters on the role of sample surveys in the modern world. Thereafter, each chapter introduces a sample survey design or estimation procedure by describing the pertinent practical problem. The authors describe the methodology proposed for solving the problem and provide the details of the estimation procedure, including a compact presentation of the formulas needed to complete the analysis. Then, a practical example is worked out in complete detail. At the end of each chapter, a wealth of exercises gives students ample opportunity to practice the techniques and stretch their grasp of ideas.
1. INTRODUCTION. 2. ELEMENTS OF THE SAMPLING PROBLEM. Introduction. Technical Terms. How to Select the Sample: The Design of the Sample Survey. Sources of Errors in Surveys. Designing a Questionnaire. Planning a Survey. Summary. 3. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF STATISTICS. Introduction. Summarizing Information in Populations and Samples: The Infinite Population Case. Summarizing Information in Populations and Samples: The Finite Population Case. Sampling Distributions. Covariance and Correlation. Estimation. Summary. 4. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING. Introduction. How to Draw a Simple Random Sample. Estimation of a Population Mean and Total. Selecting the Sample Size for Estimating Population Means and Totals. Estimation of a Population Proportion. Comparing Estimates. Summary. 5. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING. Introduction. How to Draw a Stratified Random Sample. Estimation of a Population Mean and Total. Selecting the Sample Size for Estimating Population Means and Totals. Allocation of the Sample. Estimation of a Population Proportion. Selecting the Sample Size and Allocating the Sample to Estimate Proportions. Additional Comments on Stratified Sampling. An Optimal Rule for Choosing Strata. Stratification after Selection of the Sample. Double Sampling for Stratification. Summary. 6. RATIO, REGRESSION, AND DIFFERENCE ESTIMATION. Introduction. Surveys that Require the Use of Ratio Estimators. Ratio Estimation Using Simple Random Sampling. Selecting the Sample Size. Ratio Estimation in Stratified Random Sampling. Regression Estimation. Difference Estimation. Relative Efficiency of Estimators. Summary. 7. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING. Introduction. How to Draw a Systematic Sample. Estimation of a Population Mean and Total. Estimation of a Population Proportion. Selecting the Sample Size. Repeated Systematic Sampling. Further Discussion of Variance Estimators. Summary. 8. CLUSTER SAMPLING. Introduction. How to Draw a Cluster Sample. Estimation of a Population Mean and Total. Equal Cluster Sizes; Comparison to Simple Random Sampling. Selecting the Sample Size for Estimating Population Means and Totals. Estimation of a Population Proportion. Selecting the Sample Size for Estimating Proportions. Cluster Sampling Combined with Stratification. Cluster Sampling with Probabilities Proportional to Size. Summary. 9. TWO-STAGE CLUSTER SAMPLING. Introduction. How to Draw a Two-Stage Cluster Sample. Unbiased Estimation of a Population Mean and Total. Ratio Estimation of a Population Mean. Estimation of a Population Proportion. Sampling Equal-Sized Clusters. Two-Stage Cluster Sampling with Probabilities Proportional to Size. Summary. 10. ESTIMATING THE POPULATION SIZE. Introduction. Estimation of a Population Size Using Direct Sampling. Estimation of a Population Size Using Inverse Sampling. Choosing Sample Sizes for Direct and Inverse Sampling. Estimating Population Density and Size from Quadrat Samples. Estimating Population Density and Size from Stocked Quadrats. Adaptive Sampling. Summary. 11. SUPPLEMENTAL TOPICS. Introduction. Interpenetrating Subsamples. Estimation of Means and Totals over Subpopulations. Random-Response Model. Use of Weights in Sample Surveys. Adjusting for Nonresponse. Imputation. Selecting the Number of Callbacks. The Bootstrap. Summary. 12. SUMMARY. Summary of the Designs and Methods. Comparisons among the Designs and Methods. Appenidices. References and Bibliography Tables. Derivation of Some Main Results. Macros for MINITAB. Macros for SAS. Data Sets. Selected Answers. Index.