The engineering services within buildings can account for up to 40 per cent of the original cost. Further, the energy-using systems can account for most of the annual costs of using the building. Construction professionals comprehend the need for the appropriate education and training in the basics and principles of building services engineering. This book is intended to provide study material in the construction, architectural, surveying and energy engineering areas. The contents have been used by the authors students in various forms over many years. Users have found the work readable and suitable for self-study. It has been recommended for use on national, higher national, undergraduate and postgraduate courses throughout the UK. This second edition adds recent changes, makes more use of photographs and extends some subjects. The design of building services and their many calculations are fully explained. There are sufficient worked examples and student exercises to aid understanding and to provide assignments. Many of the questions are suitable for use in written examinations.
The subjects of heating, air conditioning, water and gas distribution, electricity and drainage are all covered at an introductory level and beyond. The reader is expected to graduate from this book to be able to utilize the reference sources and further works for greater detail in specific services subjects. The use of computers in the design and use of buildings is introduced and actively encouraged.
Preface. Acknowledgements. Units and constants. Symbols. Chapter 1: The built environment. World energy supply and demand. The building as an environmental filter. Basic needs for human comfort. Comfort measurement. External environments. Environmental measurements. Environmental temperature. Dry resultant temperature. Comfort criteria. Experimental work. Questions. Chapter 2: Energy economics. Energy audit. Unity brackets. Gross calorific value of a fuel. Energy cost per useful gigajoule. Annual fuel costs. Economic thickness of thermal insulation. Accounting for energy-economizing systems. Low-energy buildings. The effect on gas consumption of thermal insulation in houses. Questions. Chapter 3: Heat loss calculations. Thermal resistance of materials. Thermal transmittance (U value). Heat loss from buildings. Boiler power. Thermal transmittance measurement. Questions. Chapter 4: Heating. Heating equipment. Hot-water heating. Oil-firing equipment. Combustion. Flues. Performance testing. Electrical power generation. Combined heat and power. District heating. Building energy management systems. Geothermal heating. Questions. Chapter 5: Ventilation and air conditioning. Ventilation requirements. Natural and mechanical systems. Removal of heat gains. Psychrometric cycles. Air-conditioning systems. Vapour compression refrigeration. Absorption regrigeration cycle. Vetilation rate measurement. Materials for vetilation ductwork. Chlorofluorocarbons. Sick building syndrome. Air temperature profile. Questions. Chapter 6: Hot- and cold-water supplies. Water treatment. Cold-water services. Hot-water services. The indirect hot-water system. Pipe sizing. Allocation of sanitary appliances. Materials for water services. Solar heating. Questions. Chapter 7: Soil and waste systems. Definitions. Fluid flow in waste pipes. Pipework design. Discharge unit pipe sizing. Materials used for waste and discharge systems. Testing. Maintenance. Questions. Chapter 8: Surface-water drainage. Flow load. Roof drainage. Disposal of surface-water. Questions. Chapter 9: Below-ground drainage. Design principles. Access provision. External loads on buried pipelines. Materials for drainage pipework. Sewage-lifting pump. Testing. Questions. Chapter 10: Condensation in buildings. Sources of moisture. Condensation and mould growth. Vapour diffusion. Temperature gradient. Dew-point temperature gradient. Installation note. Questions. Chapter 11: Lighting. Natural and artificial illumination. Definition of terms. Maintenance. Utilization factor. Glare and reflections. Lumen design method. Air-handling luminaires. Colour temperature. Lamp tyres. Control of lighting services. Questions. Chapter 12: Gas. Gas pipe sizing. Gas service entry into a building. Flue systems for gas appliances. Ignition and safety controls. Questions. Chapter 13: Electrical