Presents research about gender and helps students think critically about the differences between research findings and gender stereotypes. This text examines the biology and social context in which women and men express gendered behaviors. Defining gender as the behaviors and attitudes that relate to (but are not entirely congruent with) biological sex, the book focuses on research and scholarship to provide the material for a critical review and an overall picture of gender from a psychological perspective. To highlight how research findings can relate to peoples lives, the book supplements the review of scholarly research with personal, narrative accounts of gender-relevant aspects of peoples lives. To emphasize the cross-cultural perspective of gender, the book including a section on diversity in most chapters but also weaves diversity issues throughout the text. The personal narrative and diversity highlights help to balance the research-based scholarship with the personal experience of gender.
Preface xiii 1 The Study of Gender 0 < Headline: "Are Men Boring?" Telegraph, June 11, 2008 < Headline: "Are You Calling Us Boring? Telegraph, June 12, 2008 < Headline: "Are Gender Stereotypes Boring?" New Statesman, June 23, 2008 0 History of the Study of Sex Differences in Psychology 0 The Study of Individual Differences 0 Psychoanalysis 0 The Development of Womens Studies The History of Feminist Movements 0 Sex or Gender? 00 Women in Psychology 00 The Appearance of the Mens Movement 00 Considering Diversity 00 < Summary 00 < Glossary 00 < Suggested Readings 00 2 Researching Sex and Gender 00 < Headline: "Does Gender Matter?"Nature, July 13, 2006 00 How Science Developed 00 Approaches to Research 00 Quantitative Research Methods 00 Qualitative Research Methods 00 Researchers Choices 00 Gender Bias in Research 00 Sources of Bias 00 Ways to Deal with Bias in Science 00 < Summary 00 < Glossary 00 < Suggested Readings 00 3 Gender Stereotypes: Masculinity and Femininity 00 < Headline: "This Swimmer Is in Deep End of Gender Wars"Wall Street Journal, March 17, 2008 History of Stereotypes of Men and Women 00 The Cult of True Womanhood 00 Masculinities 00 Conceptualizing and Measuring Masculinity and Femininity 00 The Process and Implications of Stereotyping 00 Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination 00 Perceptions of Women and Men 00 Development of Stereotypes in Children 00 Explicit and Implicit Stereotyping 00 Negative Effects of Stereotyping 00 Considering Diversity 00 < Summary 00 < Glossary 00 < Suggested Readings 00 4 Hormones and Chromosomes 00 < Headline: "PMS Makes You Smarter!" CosmoGirl!, February, 2006 00 < Headline: "Father Nature: The Making of a Modern Dad" Psychology Today, March-April, 2002 00 The Endocrine System and Steroid Hormones 00 Stages of Differences Between the Sexes 00 Sexual Differentiation 00 Development of Male and Female Physiology 00 Changes during Puberty 00 Variations in Sexual Development 00 Hormones and Behavior Instability 00 Premenstrual Syndrome 00 Testosterone and Aggression 00 Considering Diversity 00 < Summary 00 < Glossary 00 < Suggested Readings 00 5 Theories of Gender Development 00 Headline: "Girls Gone Bad"Newsweek, February 12, 2007 000 The Psychodynamic Approach to Personality 000 Freuds Theory of Personality 000 Horneys Theory of Personality 000 Contemporary Psychodynamic Theories of Personality Development 000 Social Learning Theory 000 Cognitive Theories of Gender Development 000 Cognitive Developmental Theory 000 Gender Schema Theory 000 Which Theory Is Best? 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 6 Developing Gender Identity 000 < Headline: "A Boys Life"The Atlantic, November, 2008 000 Gender Identity Development 000 Development during Childhood 000 Later Development 000 Influences on Gender Identity Development 000 Biological Factors and Gender Development 000 Family Environment and Gender Development 000 Peers and Gender Development 000 The Media and Gender Development 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 7 Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities 000 Headline: "Lost in Space" Vogue, June, 2001 000 Cognitive Abilities 000 Verbal Performance 000 Mathematical and Quantitative Performance 000 Spatial Performance 000 Other Cognitive Abilities 000 Source of the Differences 000 Biological Evidence for Gender Differences in Cognitive Abilities 000 Evidence for Other Sources of Gender Differences 000 Implications of Gender-Related Differences 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 8 Emotion 188 < Headline: "Big Boys Dont Cry-And Other Myths About Men and Their Emotions" Readers Digest, October, 2005 000 < Headline: "Theres No Crying in Business" Fortune, October 18, 2004 000 Gender in the Experience and Expression of Emotion 000 The Myth of Maternal Instinct 000 The Prominence of Male Aggression 000 Expressivity and Emotion 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 9 Relationships 000 < Suggested Readings Headline: "Why We Love"Time, January 28, 2008 000 Friendships 000 Development of Styles 000 Friendships over the Life Span 000 Flexibility of Styles 000 Love Relationships 000 Dating 000 Marriage and Committed Relationships 000 Dissolving Relationships 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 10 Sexuality 257 < Headline: "How to End to War over Sex Ed" Time Atlantic, April 6, 2009 000 The Study of Sexuality 000 Sex Surveys 000 Masters and Johnsons Approach 000 Childhood Sexuality: Exploration and Abuse 000 Heterosexuality 000 During Adolescence 000 During Adulthood 000 Homosexuality 000 During Adolescence 000 During Adulthood 000 Bisexuality 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 11 School 000 < Headline: "Boy Problems" New York Times Magazine, April 3, 2005 000 The School Experience 000 Early Schooling 000 Changes during Middle School 000 High School 000 College and Professional School 000 Achievement 000 Achievement Motivation 000 Fear of Success 000 Self-Esteem and Self-Confidence 000 Attributions for Success and Failure 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 12 Careers and Work 327 < Headline: "Women Slowly Gain on Corporate America"USA Today, January 2, 2009 000 Careers 000 Career Expectations and Gender Stereotyping 000 Career Opportunities 000 Gender Issues at Work 000 Gender Segregation on the Job 000 Gender, Communication, and Power in the Workplace 000 Sexual Harassment at Work 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 13 Health and Fitness 359 < Headline: "Why Marriage Is Good Medicine for Men" Parade, June 18, 2006 000 Mortality: No Equal Opportunity 000 Cardiovascular Disease 000 Cancer 000 Violent Deaths 000 The Health Care System 000 Gender Roles and Health Care 000 Reproductive Health 000 Gender, Lifestyle, and Health 000 Eating 000 Exercise and Fitness 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 14 Stress, Coping, and Psychopathology 000 < Headline: "Facing Darkness" Newsweek, February, 26, 2007 000 Stress and Coping 000 Sources of Stress for Men and Women 000 Coping Resources and Strategies 000 Diagnoses of Mental Disorders 000 The DSM Classification System 000 Gender Inequity in the Diagnosis of Mental Disorders 000 Gender Comparisons in Psychopathology 000 Depression 000 Substance-Related Disorders 000 Anxiety Disorders 000 Other Disorders 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 15 Treatment for Mental Disorders 000 < Headline: "Mans Last Stand: What Does It Take to Get a Guy into Therapy?" Psychology Today, August, 2004 000 Approaches to Therapy 000 Psychoanalysis 000 Humanistic Therapy 000 Cognitive Therapy 000 Behavior Modification 000 Medical Therapies 000 Accusations of Gender Bias in Therapy 000 Gender Issues in Therapy 000 Feminist Therapy 000 Therapy with Men 000 Gender-Sensitive Therapies 000 Sexual Exploitation in Therapy 000 The Self-Help Movement 000 Online Support Groups 000 Gender Issues in Self-Help 000 Considering Diversity 000 < Summary 000 < Glossary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 16 How Different? 000 < Headline: "Signs of Detente between Venus and Mars" New York Times, May 31, 2007 000 What Do Women Want? What Do Men Want? 000 Have Women Become More Like Men? 000 Why Cant a Man Be More Like a Woman? 000 Multiple Roles Have Become the Rule 000 Where Are the Differences? 000 Differences in Ability 000 Differences in Choices 000 Is a Peace Plan Possible? 000 < Summary 000 < Suggested Readings 000 References 000 Name Index 000 Subject Index 000