For undergraduate, introductory courses in Engineering Economics.Used by engineering students worldwide, this best-selling text provides a sound understanding of the principles, basic concepts, and methodology of engineering economy. Built upon the rich and time-tested teaching materials of earlier editions, it is extensively revised and updated to reflect current trends and issues, with an emphasis on the economics of engineering design throughout. It provides one of the most complete and up-to-date studies of this vitally important field.
Preface xi Green Content xviii CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Engineering Economy 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The Principles of Engineering Economy 3 1.3 Engineering Economy and the Design Process 7 1.4 Using Spreadsheets in Engineering Economic Analysis 15 1.5 Summary 15 CHAPTER 2 Cost Concepts and Design Economics 20 2.1 Cost Terminology 21 2.2 The General Economic Environment 28 2.3 Cost-Driven Design Optimization 38 2.4 Present Economy Studies 43 2.5 Case Study-The Economics of Daytime Running Lights 49 2.6 Summary 51 Appendix 2-A Accounting Fundamentals 59 CHAPTER 3 Cost-Estimation Techniques 67 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 An Integrated Approach 70 3.3 Selected Estimating Techniques (Models) 78 3.4 Parametric Cost Estimating 83 3.5 Case Study-Demanufacturing of Computers 94 3.6 Summary 96 CHAPTER 4 The Time Value of Money 103 4.1 Introduction 104 4.2 Simple Interest 105 4.3 Compound Interest 106 4.4 The Concept of Equivalence 106 4.5 Notation and Cash-Flow Diagrams and Tables 109 4.6 Relating Present and Future Equivalent Values of Single Cash Flows 113 4.7 Relating a Uniform Series (Annuity) to Its Present and Future Equivalent Values 119 4.8 Summary of Interest Formulas and Relationships for Discrete Compounding 129 4.9 Deferred Annuities (Uniform Series) 131 4.10 Equivalence Calculations Involving Multiple Interest Formulas 133 4.11 Uniform (Arithmetic) Gradient of Cash Flows 139 4.12 Geometric Sequences of Cash Flows 144 4.13 Interest Rates that Vary with Time 149 4.14 Nominal and Effective Interest Rates 151 4.15 Compounding More Often than Once per Year 153 4.16 Interest Formulas for Continuous Compounding and Discrete Cash Flows 156 4.17 Case Study-Understanding Economic "Equivalence" 159 4.18 Summary 162 CHAPTER 5 Evaluating a Single Project 178 5.1 Introduction 179 5.2 Determining the Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) 180 5.3 The Present Worth Method 181 5.4 The Future Worth Method 188 5.5 The Annual Worth Method 189 5.6 The Internal Rate of Return Method 194 5.7 The External Rate of Return Method 205 5.8 The Payback (Payout) Period Method 207 5.9 Case Study-A Proposed Capital Investment to Improve Process Yield 209 5.10 Summary 211 Appendix 5-A The Multiple Rate of Return Problem with the IRR Method 222 CHAPTER 6 Comparison and Selection among Alternatives 226 6.1 Introduction 227 6.2 Basic Concepts for Comparing Alternatives 227 6.3 The Study (Analysis) Period 231 6.4 Useful Lives Are Equal to the Study Period 233 6.5 Useful Lives Are Unequal among the Alternatives 250 6.6 Personal Finances 263 6.7 ; Case Study-Ned and Larrys Ice Cream Company 267 6.8 Post evaluation of Results 270 6.9 Summary 270 CHAPTER 7 Depreciation and Income Taxes 288 7.1 Introduction 289 7.2 Depreciation Concepts and Terminology 289 7.3 The Classical (Historical) Depreciation Methods 292 7.4 The Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System 297 7.5 A Comprehensive Depreciation Example 304 7.6 Introduction to Income Taxes 308 7.7 The Effective (Marginal) Corporate Income TaxRate 311 7.8 Gain (Loss) on the Disposal of an Asset 314 7.9 General Procedure for Making After-Tax Economic Analyses 315 7.10 Illustration of Computations of ATCFs 319 7.11 Economic Value Added 331 7.12 Summary 333 CHAPTER 8 Price Changes and Exchange Rates 344 8.1 Introduction 345 8.2 Terminology and Basic Concepts 346 8.3 Fixed and Responsive Annuities 352 8.4 Differential Price Changes 357 8.5 Spreadsheet Application 359 8.6 Foreign Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Concepts 361 8.7 Case Study-Selecting Electric Motors to Power an Assembly Line 366 8.8 Summary 369 CHAPTER 9 Replacement Analysis 379 9.1 Introduction 380 9.2 Reasons for Replacement Analysis 380 9.3 Factors that Must Be Considered in Replacement Studies 381 9.4 Typical Replacement Problems 384 9.5 Determining the Economic Life of a New Asset (Challenger) 387 9.6 Determining the Economic Life of a Defender 391 9.7 Comparisons in Which the Defenders Useful Life Differs from that of the Challenger 394 9.8 Retirement without Replacement (Abandonment) 397 9.9 After-Tax Replacement Studies 398 9.10 Case Study-Replacement of a Hospitals Emergency Electrical Supply System 406 9.11 Summary 409 CHAPTER 10 Evaluating Projects with the Benefit-Cost Ratio Method 419 10.1 Introduction 420 10.2 Perspective and Terminology for Analyzing Public Projects 421 10.3 Self-Liquidating Projects 422 10.4 Multiple-Purpose Projects 422 10.5 Difficulties in Evaluating Public-Sector Projects 425 10.6 What Interest Rate Should Be Used for Public Projects? 426 10.7 The Benefit-Cost Ratio Method 428 10.8 Evaluating Independent Projects by B-C Ratios 434 10.9 Comparison of Mutually Exclusive Projects by B-C Ratios 436 10.10 Case Study-Improving a Railroad Crossing 441 10.11Summary 443 CHAPTER 11 Breakeven and Sensitivity Analysis 451 11.1 Introduction 452 11.2 Breakeven Analysis 452 11.3 Sensitivity Analysis 459 11.4 Multiple Factor Sensitivity Analysis 465 11.5 Summary 469 CHAPTER 12 Probabilistic Risk Analysis 478 12.1 Introduction 479 12.2 Sources of Uncertainty 480 12.3 The Distribution of Random Variables 480 12.4 Evaluation of Projects with Discrete Random Variables 484 12.5 Evaluation of Projects with Continuous Random Variables 493 12.6 Evaluation of Risk and Uncertainty by Monte Carlo Simulation 498 12.7 Performing Monte Carlo Simulation with a Computer 502 12.8 Decision Trees 506 12.9 Real Options Analysis 511 12.10 Summary 514 CHAPTER 13 The Capital Budgeting Process 522 13.1 Introduction 523 13.2 Debt Capital 525 13.3 Equity Capital 526 13.4 The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) 529 13.5 Project Selection 533 13.6 Postmortem Review 537 13.7 Budgeting of Capital Investments and Management Perspective 538 13.8 Leasing Decisions 539 13.9 Capital Allocation 541 13.10 Summary 547 CHAPTER 14 Decision Making Considering Multiattributes 551 14.1 Introduction 552 14.2 Examples of Multiattribute Decisions 552 14.3 Choice of Attributes 554 14.4 Selection of a Measurement Scale 554 14.5 Dimensionality of the Problem 555 14.6 Noncompensatory Models 555 14.7 Compensatory Models 560 14.8 Summary 568 Appendix A Using Excel to Solve Engineering Economy Problems 574 Appendix B Abbreviations and Notation 591 Appendix C Interest and Annuity Tables for Discrete Compounding 595 Appendix D Interest and Annuity Tables for Continuous Compounding 614 Appendix E Standard Normal Distribution 618 Appendix F Selected References 621 Appendix G Answers to Selected Problems 624 Index 628