| Pt. I |   | The Measurement and Assessment Process |   | 1 | 
| 1 |   | Educational Testing and Assessment: Context, Issues, and Trends |   | 1 | 
| 2 |   | The Role of Measurement and Assessment in Teaching |   | 26 | 
| 3 |   | Instructional Goals and Objectives: Foundation for Assessment |   | 47 | 
| 4 |   | Validity |   | 70 | 
| 5 |   | Reliability and Other Desired Characteristics |   | 107 | 
| Pt. II |   | Classroom Tests and Assessments |   | 139 | 
| 6 |   | Planning Classroom Tests and Assessments |   | 139 | 
| 7 |   | Constructing Objective Test Items: Simple Forms |   | 171 | 
| 8 |   | Constructing Objective Test Items: Multiple Choice Forms |   | 194 | 
| 9 |   | Measuring Complex Achievement: The Interpretive Exercise |   | 218 | 
| 10 |   | Measuring Complex Achievement: Essay Questions |   | 236 | 
| 11 |   | Measuring Complex Achievement: Performance-Based Assessments |   | 260 | 
| 12 |   | Portfolios |   | 288 | 
| 13 |   | Assessment Procedures: Observational Techniques, Peer Appraisal, and Self-Report |   | 313 | 
| 14 |   | Assembling, Administering, and Appraising Classroom Tests and Assessments |   | 336 | 
| 15 |   | Grading and Reporting |   | 367 | 
| Pt. III |   | Selecting and Using Published Tests |   | 397 | 
| 16 |   | Achievement Tests |   | 397 | 
| 17 |   | Aptitude Tests |   | 418 | 
| 18 |   | Test Selection, Administration, and Use |   | 439 | 
| 19 |   | Interpreting Test Scores and Norms |   | 461 | 
|   |   | Appendix A |   | 495 | 
|   |   | Appendix B |   | 515 | 
|   |   | Appendix C |   | 517 | 
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