In this section:
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 1? ?Abnormal Psychology: An Overview?
Chapter 2? ?Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior?
Chapter 3? ?Causal Factors and Viewpoints?
Chapter 4 ??Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis?
Chapter 5 ??Stress and Physical and Mental Health?
Chapter 6? ?Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders?
Chapter 7? ?Mood Disorders and Suicide ?
Chapter 8? ?Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders?
Chapter 9? ?Eating Disorders and Obesity?
Chapter 10 Personality Disorders?
Chapter 11 Substance-Related Disorders?
Chapter 12 Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions?
Chapter 13 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Chapter 14 Neurocognitive Disorders
Chapter 15 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence?
Chapter 16 Therapy?
Chapter 17 Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology
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2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: An Overview???
What Do We Mean by Abnormality? ??
The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder ??
Why Do We Need to Classify Mental Disorders? ??
What Are the Disadvantages of Classification? ??
How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill?
How Does Culture Affect What Is Considered Abnormal? ?
Culture-Specific Disorders ??
How Common Are Mental Disorders? ??
Prevalence and Incidence ??
Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders ??
Treatment ??
Mental Health Professionals ??
Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology ??
Sources of Information ??
Case Studies ??
Self-Report Data ??
Observational Approaches ??
Forming and Testing Hypotheses ??
Sampling and Generalization ??
Internal and External Validity ??
Criterion and Comparison Groups ??
Research Designs ??
Studying the World as It Is: Correlational Research Designs ??
Measuring Correlation ??
Statistical Significance ??
Effect Size
Meta-analysis
Correlations and Causality ??
Retrospective Versus Prospective Strategies ??
Manipulating Variables: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology ??
Studying the Efficacy of Therapy ??
Single-Case Experimental Designs ??
Animal Research ??
Summary ??
Key Terms ??
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Chapter 2: Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior??
Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior ??
Demonology, Gods, and Magic ??
Hippocrates? Early Medical Concepts ??
Early Philosophical Conceptions of Consciousness ??
Later Greek and Roman Thought ??
Early Views of Mental Disorders in China ??
Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages ??
Toward Humanitarian Approaches ??
The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe ??
The Establishment of Early Asylums ??
Humanitarian Reform ??
Nineteenth-Century Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders Changing Attitudes Toward Mental Health in the Early Twentieth Century ??
Mental Hospital Care in the Twenty-First Century ??
Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorder ??
The Development of a Classification System ??
Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder ??
The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology??
Summary ??
Key Terms ??
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Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints???
Causes and Risk Factors for Abnormal Behavior ??
Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes ??
Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior ??
Diathesis-Stress Models ??
Viewpoints for Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior ??
The Biological Viewpoint and Biological Causal Factors ??
Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones ??
Genetic Vulnerabilities ??
Temperament ??
Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity ??
The Impact of the Biological Viewpoint ??
The Psychological Viewpoints ??
The Psychodynamic Perspectives ??
The Behavioral Perspective ??
The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective ??
What the Adoption of a Perspective Does and Does Not Do ??
Psychological Causal Factors ??
Early Deprivation or Trauma ??
Inadequate Parenting Styles ??
Marital Discord and Divorce ??
Maladaptive Peer Relationships ??
The Sociocultural Viewpoint ??
Uncovering Sociocultural Factors Through Cross-Cultural Studies ??
Sociocultural Causal Factors ??
Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment ??
Prejudice and Discrimination in Race, Gender, and Ethnicity ??
Social Change and Uncertainty ??
Urban Stressors: Violence and Homelessness ??
The Impact of the Sociocultural Viewpoint ??
Summary ??
Key Terms ??
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Chapter 4: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis??
The Basic Elements in Assessment ??
The Relationship Between Assessment and Diagnosis ??
Taking a Social or Behavioral History ??
Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures ??
The Influence of Professional Orientation ??
Reliability, Validity, and Standardization
Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client ??
Assessment of the Physical Organism ??
The General Physical Examination ??
The Neurological Examination ??
The Neuropsychological Examination ??
Psychosocial Assessment ??
Assessment Interviews ??
The Clinical Observation of Behavior ??
Psychological Tests ??
The Case of Andrea C.: Experiencing Violence in the Workplace
The Integration of Assessment Data ??
Ethical Issues in Assessment ??
Classifying Abnormal Behavior ??
Differing Models of Classification ??
Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders ??
Summary ??
Key Terms ??
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Chapter 5: Stress and Physical and Mental Health ??
What Is Stress? ??
Stress and the DSM ??
Factors Predisposing a Person to Stress ??
Characteristics of Stressors ??
Measuring Life Stress
Resilience
Stress and the Stress Response ??
Biological Costs of Stress ??
The Mind? Body Connection ??
Understanding the Immune System ??
Stress, Depression, and the Immune System ??
Stress and Physical Health ??
Cardiovascular Disease??
Hypertension??
Coronary Heart Disease??
Risk and Causal Factors in Cardiovascular Disease??
Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders??
Biological Interventions??
Psychological Interventions??
Psychological Reactions to Stress??
Adjustment Disorder??
Adjustment Disorder Caused by Unemployment
Adjustment Disorder Caused by Divorce or Separation
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder??
Acute Stress Disorder
Clinical Description
Prevalence of PTSD in the General Population??
Rates of PTSD After Traumatic Experiences??
Causal Factors in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder??
Individual Risk Factors??
Sociocultural Factors??
Long-Term Effects of Posttraumatic Stress??
Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders??
Prevention??
Treatment for Stress Disorders??
Psychological Debriefing??
Challenges in Studying Disaster Victims
Trauma and Physical Health??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 6: Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders??
The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns??
Fear
Anxiety
Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities ??
Specific Phobias ??
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences??
Psychological Causal Factors??
Biological Causal Factors??
Treatments??
Social Phobias??
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences??
Psychological Causal Factors??
Biological Causal Factors??
Treatments??
Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia??
Panic Disorder??
Agoraphobia??
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences??
Comorbidity with Other Disorders??
The Timing of a First Panic Attack??
Biological Causal Factors??
Psychological Causal Factors??
Treatments??
Generalized Anxiety Disorder??
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences??
Comorbidity with Other Disorders??
Psychological Causal Factors??
Biological Causal Factors??
Treatments??
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder??
Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences??
Comorbidity with Other Disorders??
Psychological Causal Factors??
Biological Causal Factors??
Treatments??
Sociocultural Causal Factors for All Anxiety Disorders??
Cultural Differences in Sources of Worry??
Taijin Kyofusho??
Summary??
Key Terms??
Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide??
Mood Disorders??
Mood Disorders: An Overview??
Types of Mood Disorders
The Prevalence of Mood Disorders??
Unipolar Mood Disorders??
Depressions That Are Not Mood Disorders??
Dysthymic Disorder??
Major Depressive Disorder??
Depression Emerge During Adolescence?
Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders??
Biological Causal Factors??
Psychological Causal Factors??
Bipolar Disorders??
Cyclothymic Disorder??
Bipolar Disorders (I and II)??
Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders??
Biological Causal Factors??
Psychological Causal Factors??
Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders??
Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms??
Cross-Cultural Differences in Prevalence??
Demographic Differences in the United States??
Treatments and Outcomes??
Pharmacotherapy??
Alternative Biological Treatments??
Psychotherapy??
Suicide??
The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern??
Who Attempts and Who Commits Suicide???
Suicide in Children??
Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults??
Other Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicide??
Biological Causal Factors??
Sociocultural Factors??
Suicidal Ambivalence??
Communication of Suicidal Intent??
Suicide Notes??
Suicide Prevention and Intervention??
Treatment of Mental Disorders??
Crisis Intervention??
Focus on High-Risk Groups and Other Measures??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 8: Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders??
What Are Somatoform Disorders???
Hypochondriasis??
Somatization Disorder??
Pain Disorder??
Conversion Disorder??
Distinguishing Somatization, Pain, and Conversion Disorders from Malingering and Factitious Disorder??
Body Dysmorphic Disorder??
What Are Dissociative Disorders???
Depersonalization Disorder??
Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue??
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)??????????
Sociocultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders??
Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 9: Eating Disorders and Obesity??
Eating Disorders??
Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders??
Anorexia Nervosa??
Bulimia Nervosa??
Other Forms of Eating Disorders??
Age of Onset and Gender Differences??
Prevalence of Eating Disorders??
Medical Complications of Eating Disorders??
Course and Outcome??
Diagnostic Crossover
Association of Eating Disorders with Other Forms of Psychopathology??
Eating Disorders Across Cultures??
Biological Factors??
Sociocultural Factors??
Family Influences??
Individual Risk Factors??
Treatment of Eating Disorders??
Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa??
Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa??
Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder??
Obesity??
The Problem of Obesity
Medical Issues
Definition and Prevalence
Weight Stigma
Obesity and the DSM
Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity??
The Role of Genes??
Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation??
Sociocultural Influences??
Family Influences??
Stress and ? Comfort Food? ??
Pathways to Obesity??
Treatment of Obesity??
Lifestyle Modifications
Medications
Bariatric Surgery
The Importance of Prevention??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 10: Personality Disorders??
Clinical Features of Personality Disorders??
Difficulties Doing Research on Personality Disorders??
Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders??
Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders??
Cluster A Personality Disorders??
Paranoid Personality Disorder??
Schizoid Personality Disorder??
Schizotypal Personality Disorder??
Cluster B Personality Disorders??
Histrionic Personality Disorder??
Narcissistic Personality Disorder??
Antisocial Personality Disorder??
Borderline Personality Disorder??
Cluster C Personality Disorders??
Avoidant Personality Disorder??
Dependent Personality Disorder??
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder??
Provisional Categories of Personality Disorder in DSM-IV-TR??
General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders??
Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders??
Adapting Therapeutic Techniques to Specific Personality Disorders??
Treating Borderline Personality Disorder??
Treating Other Personality Disorders??
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy??
Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder??
The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder??
Causal Factors in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality??
A Developmental Perspective on Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality??
Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality??
Summary??
Key Terms?
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related Disorders??
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence??
The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence??
The Clinical Picture of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence??
Drinking Is Too Much???
Biological Causal Factors in the Abuse of and Dependence on Alcohol??
Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence??
Sociocultural Causal Factors??
Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders??
Drug Abuse and Dependence??
Opium and Its Derivatives (Narcotics)??
Cocaine and Amphetamines (Stimulants)??
Methamphetamine??
Barbiturates (Sedatives)??
Hallucinogens: LSD and Related Drugs??
Ecstasy??
Marijuana??
Stimulants: Caffeine and Nicotine??
Treatment Approach???
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 12:? Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions??
Sociocultural Influences on Sexual Practices and Standards??
Sexual and Gender Variants??
The Paraphilias??
Causal Factors and Treatments for Paraphilias??
Gender Identity Disorders??
Sexual Abuse??
Childhood Sexual Abuse??
Pedohebephilia??
Incest??
Rape??
Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders??
Sexual Dysfunctions??
Sexual Desire Disorders??
Sexual Arousal Disorders??
Orgasmic Disorders??
Sexual Pain Disorders??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders??
Schizophrenia??
Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct??
Epidemiology??
Clinical Picture??
Delusions??
Hallucinations??????????
Disorganized Speech and Behavior
Positive and Negative Symptoms??
Subtypes of Schizophrenia??
Other Psychotic Disorders??
Risk and Causal Factors??
Genetic Factors??
Prenatal Exposures??
Genes and Environment in Schizophrenia: A Synthesis??
A Neurodevelopmental Perspective??
Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities
Psychosocial and Cultural Factors??
A Diathesis-Stress Model of Schizophrenia
Treatments and Outcomes??
Clinical Outcome
Pharmacological Approaches??
Psychosocial Approaches??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders??
Brain Impairment in Adults??
Diagnostic Issues??
Clinical Signs of Brain Damage??
Diffuse Versus Focal Damage??
The Neurocognitive/Psychopathology Interaction??
Delirium??
Clinical Picture??
Treatments and Outcomes??
Dementia??
Parkinson? s Disease??
Huntington? s Disease??
Alzheimer? s Disease??
Dementia from HIV-1 Infection??
Vascular Dementia??
Amnestic Disorder??
Disorders Involving Head Injury??
Clinical Picture??
Treatments and Outcomes??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolesence??
Maladaptive Behavior in Different Life Periods??
Varying Clinical Pictures??
Special Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children??
The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders??
Common Disorders of Childhood??
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder??
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder??
Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents??
Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence??
Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder??
Symptom Disorders: Enuresis, Encopresis, Sleepwalking, and Tics??
Functional Enuresis
Encopresis
Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)
Tic Disorders
Pervasive Developmental Disorders??
Autism??
Asperger? s Disorder??
Learning Disabilities
Causal Factors in Learning Disabilities??
Treatments and Outcomes??
Mental Retardation??
Levels of Mental Retardation
Causal Factors in Mental Retardation??
Organic Retardation Syndromes??
Treatments, Outcomes, and Prevention??
Planning Better Programs to Help Children and Adolescents??
Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents??
Family Therapy as a Means of Helping Children
Child Advocacy Programs????
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 16: Therapy??
An Overview of Treatment??
Why Do People Seek Therapy???
Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services???
The Therapeutic Relationship??
Measuring Success in Psychotherapy??
Objectifying and Quantifying Change??
Would Change Occur Anyway???
Can Therapy Be Harmful???
What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used???
Evidence-Based Treatment??
Medication or Psychotherapy????????
Combined Treatments??
Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment??
Behavior Therapy??
Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy??
Humanistic-Experiential Therapies??
Psychodynamic Therapies??
Couple and Family Therapy??
Eclecticism and Integration??
Sociocultural Perspectives??
Social Values and Psychotherapy??
Psychotherapy and Cultural Diversity??
Biological Approaches to Treatment??
Antipsychotic Drugs??
Antidepressant Drugs??
Antianxiety Drugs??
Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs??
Electroconvulsive Therapy??
Neurosurgery??
Summary??
Key Terms??
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Chapter 17: Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology??
Perspectives on Prevention??
Universal Interventions??
Selective Interventions??
Indicated Interventions??
Inpatient Mental Health Treatment in Contemporary Society
The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community???????????
Aftercare Programs
Deinstitutionalization??
Controversial Legal Issues and the Mentally Ill?????
Civil Commitment??
Assessment of ? Dangerousness? ??
The Insanity Defense??
Personality Disorder Limit Responsibility for a Criminal Act???
Competence to Stand Trial
Organized Efforts for Mental Health??
U.S. Efforts for Mental Health??
International Efforts for Mental Health??
Challenges for the Future??
The Need for Planning??
The Individual? s Contribution??
Summary??
Key Terms??
Glossary??
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