Presented in this volume is a collection of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prize-winners, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches for the period 1991-1995. Each Nobel Lecture is based on the work that won the laureate
For discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers, P-G de Gennes; for his invention and devlopment of particle detectors,